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Ans. Consistency of results refers to the ability to obtain the same results under the same conditions across different trials or experiments.

Ans. SI units are user-friendly because they provide a common language for scientists from different countries and cultures to collaborate on research. Using SI units enables scientists to compare results, replicate experiments, and benefit from each other's work.

Ans. Systematic Error: Errors that naturally occur in measurement tools, causing consistent deviations from the true value.
Random Error: Errors that occur when repeated measurements of a quantity give different values under the same conditions due to unpredictable causes.

Ans. Random errors are caused by unpredictable changes during an experiment. The main reasons include limitations of instruments, environmental factors, and slight variations in procedure. For example, reading volume from different angles in a measuring cylinder or variations in mass measurements due to air currents affecting the balance.

Ans. Yes, systematic error affects accuracy by causing consistent deviations from the true value. For example, if a thermometer always reads 2°C higher, all temperature readings will be inaccurate.

Ans. The following systems of units are commonly used:
1. SI System (International System of Units)
2. CGS System (Centimeter-gram-second System)
3. MKS System (Meter-kilogram-second System)
4. Imperial System of Units

Ans. The metre is the standard unit of length (symbol: m). It is defined as the distance travelled by light in vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second.

Ans. 1. Enables scientists from different countries to compare results and replicate experiments
2. Allows effective collaboration, ensuring safety, reliability, reproducibility, and scientific progress

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Ans. Mass: We use grams instead of kilograms because molar mass is measured in grams per mole, making calculations more manageable with smaller quantities typically used in laboratories.
Volume: We use cubic centimeters instead of cubic meters because it's easier to measure and calculate with smaller, more precise volumes of liquids in laboratory settings.

Ans. Using different units would cause confusion, waste time in conversions, and make comparisons difficult. For example, if scientists in different countries used meters and feet interchangeably, it would hinder collaboration and data sharing.

Ans. Science is a systematic study of the world through observation and experimentation. It helps us understand our environment and solve problems.

Ans. The purpose of scientific research is to systematically study the world through observation and experimentation to make sense of it.

Ans. Standardization ensures that scientific research is conducted properly and carefully, allowing for the sharing of ideas and a unified approach to solving problems.

Ans. Using different units of measurement causes confusion, wastes time, and creates difficulties in comparing and converting quantities.

Ans. SI units are standardized, user-friendly units adopted worldwide. They are important because they make communication, data sharing, and collaboration among scientists easier and more accurate.

Ans. Being based on base 10 makes SI units easier to learn, remember, and convert, simplifying calculations and communication.

Ans. Scientists needed a standard system to avoid confusion and time wastage when converting between different units used in various countries. SI units provide a common standard that makes scientific work more efficient.

Ans. SI units bring accuracy, consistency, and universal understanding in scientific communication. Measurements taken anywhere in the world can be easily understood and verified without confusion.

Ans. SI units serve as a universal language, ensuring consistent and comparable measurements. This allows researchers to replicate experiments accurately and build on previous research, fostering global collaboration.

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Ans. SI units are a common system of units based on the metric system, adopted by scientists worldwide to consistently measure and communicate quantities like mass, volume, temperature, amount, and time.

Ans. Derived units are units of derived quantities that are mathematically derived from base units.
Examples:

Ans. Prefixes indicate whether a unit is a multiple or fraction of base ten, reducing zeros in very small or very large numbers and making measurements more convenient to express.

Ans. The gram is used because molar mass is measured in grams per mole, and the quantities in chemical laboratories are typically small. Using grams provides more manageable numbers for calculations.

Ans. Celsius scale is more convenient as it has 100 divisions compatible with the base ten format of SI system, and it's easier to convert to Kelvin when needed.

Ans. Cubic centimeters are used because they are easier to measure and calculate with in laboratory settings where smaller, more precise volumes of liquids are typically handled.

Ans. No, symbols are not changed in plural forms. For example, 100 millimeters is written as 100 mm, not 100 mms.

Ans. Error is the level of uncertainty in every measurement, defined as the difference between the measured value and the actual value. For example, when two students using the same instrument get different results.

Ans. Errors occur due to two main factors:
1. Limitations of the measuring instrument
2. The skill of the observer making the measurement

Ans. A systematic error is a consistent error due to flaws in the instrument or method. It can be reduced by applying a constant adjustment (adding or subtracting) to each measurement.

Ans. A random error is an unpredictable variation in measurements caused by factors like instrument limitations, environmental changes, or slight variations in procedure.

Ans. Systematic errors reduce the accuracy of measurements by causing consistent deviations from the true value.

Ans. Systematic errors: Remove by adding or subtracting an adjustment to each measurement.
Random errors: Reduce by taking multiple measurements, using more precise instruments, and calibrating instruments regularly.

Ans. Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true value, while precision refers to how close multiple measurements are to each other.

Ans. Yes, a measurement can be precise but not accurate. For example, if a student measures an object's mass three times and gets 17.2 g, 17.3 g, and 17.4 g (precise - close to each other), but the true value is 20 g (not accurate - far from true value).

Ans. Yes, a measurement can be accurate but not precise. For example, if a student measures an object's mass three times and gets 19.8 g, 20.5 g, and 19.6 g (accurate - close to true value of 20 g), but not precise (not close to each other).