Ans. Science is the knowledge gained through observations and experiments about natural phenomena, processes, and events occurring around us. It was formerly called natural philosophy. Science is divided into two main branches: (I) Physical Sciences - dealing with the study of non-living things, and (II) Biological Sciences - dealing with the study of living things.
Ans. Physics is the fundamental branch of science that deals with matter, energy, space, time, and their mutual relationships. Its main branches include mechanics, heat and thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism, atomic physics, and nuclear physics.
Ans. Interdisciplinary fields refer to the integration and interaction of physics with various other fields of study. Physics provides essential principles, techniques, and methods applicable across many disciplines. Examples include biophysics, medical physics, astrophysics, geophysics, climate physics, and computational physics.
Ans. The main steps of scientific method are: Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Theory, Prediction, and Law.
Ans. A hypothesis is an assumption developed from collected data through observations or experimentation, proposing that nature will act in a particular way under specific circumstances. For example, we assume that shadows of opaque objects form when they block light because light travels in straight lines.
Ans. A theory is a verified hypothesis supported by careful experimentation, applicable to similar phenomena. A law is a theory that has been tested many times and generally accepted as true, explaining past observations and predicting other aspects of nature.
Ans. Laser technology is based on the principles of atomic physics. It is widely used in medical diagnosis and treatment, metallurgy, industry, telecommunication, and space exploration.
Ans. Falsifiability is the concept that a scientific theory must make testable predictions that could potentially be proven false. This ensures theories are not based on vague or untestable claims, distinguishing scientific theories from unscientific beliefs.
Ans. No, scientific theories are not ultimate truths. Science is a continuous process of inquiry and improvement. Theories are based on current evidence and understanding, subject to change or refinement as new evidence emerges.
Ans. Yes, the theories or laws of physics are human-made ideas about how things work. They can be disproved or modified with future scientific advances that bring new facts and insights about the natural and physical world.
Ans. Doctors use scientific knowledge of biology, anatomy, and physiology to diagnose and treat diseases. Engineers apply principles of physics, mathematics, and material science to design structures, machines, and technologies. Environmental scientists study ecosystems, pollution, and climate change using knowledge of biology, chemistry, and geology.
Ans. A theory is rejected or needs modification when: (I) New experimental data conflicts with its predictions, (II) A new theory provides a more accurate or comprehensive explanation, or (III) The theory cannot explain certain observations or is only applicable in specific conditions.
Ans. A theory that cannot be proven wrong lacks testability and falsifiability, which are essential for scientific validity. Therefore, it is not considered a scientific theory.
Ans. The general reaction to new ideas about established truths is often resistance or skepticism, as people tend to defend familiar beliefs. Acceptance grows over time if strong evidence supports the new ideas.
Ans. If a hypothesis is not testable, it is not scientifically valid, but it is not necessarily wrong. It cannot be evaluated scientifically until it is made testable.
Ans. A small amount of data cannot prove a prediction is always correct because it might not cover all possible scenarios. However, it can prove the prediction is not always correct if the data shows instances where the prediction fails.
Ans. A hypothesis is a proposed explanation or prediction, and an experiment is a controlled procedure used to test that hypothesis. Experiments collect data to determine if the hypothesis is correct or needs revision.
Ans. Interdisciplinary collaboration is essential for addressing complex issues. By working together and sharing knowledge, scientists can achieve significant breakthroughs and contribute to deeper understanding of the natural world, advancing technology, healthcare, environmental solutions, and other areas.
Ans. Physics is the fundamental science dealing with the constituents of the universe - matter, energy, space, time, and their mutual relationships and interactions. It strives to understand how the universe works, from subatomic particles to galaxies. Space provides the framework for positions and motions of objects, while time measures event sequences and durations, considered the fourth dimension.
Ans. Science is knowledge gained through observations and experiments about natural phenomena, processes, and events. Physics is the fundamental branch of science dealing with matter, energy, space, time, and their mutual relationships.
Ans. Mechanics is the study of motion and physical effects influencing motion, based on Newton's laws of motion and gravitation. Heat and thermodynamics deal with thermal energy possessed by materials and its flow from one body to another.
Ans. Acoustics deals with the nature and physical aspects of audible sound energy. Optics deals with the physical aspects of visible light.
Ans. Electromagnetism is the study of electromagnetic phenomena and the relationship between electric current and magnetic field. Quantum mechanics explains the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic levels.
Ans. Nuclear physics is the study of atomic nuclei properties. Particle physics is the study of subatomic and elementary particles, the basic building blocks of matter.
Ans. Hero from Alexandria in the 3rd century invented a toy that worked by steam. However, people in those days did not think of using such things for luxury and comfort.
Ans. In the 20th century, Albert Einstein declared that mass and energy are forms of each other. His theory of relativity altered human views of the universe.
Ans. Biophysics describes biological systems and processes using physics principles and techniques, including mechanics of biological structures and physical properties of cells, tissues, and organs. Medical physics applies physical principles to develop techniques and technologies for health diagnosis and treatment, such as X-rays, ultrasound, MRI, CT-scans, and radiation therapy.
Ans. Astrophysics deals with physical properties and processes of celestial bodies and phenomena, studying matter-energy interactions in space. Geophysics applies physical principles to study Earth's internal structure, magnetic and gravitational fields, seismic activity, volcanoes, etc.
Ans. Climate physics studies physical processes in the environment, including atmospheric dynamics, climate change, and weather conditions. Computational physics uses computational techniques and methods to solve complex physical problems.
Ans. Scientific method is a systematic approach used to search for truth and solve problems regarding the natural and physical world.
Ans. The main steps of scientific method are: Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Theory, Prediction, and Law.
Ans. A hypothesis is an assumption developed from data collected through observations or experimentation, proposing that nature will act in a particular way under specific circumstances.
Ans. An experiment is an organized, repeatable process used to test the truth of a hypothesis.
Ans. A theory is a successfully verified hypothesis supported by careful experimentation, applicable to similar phenomena.
Ans. A law is a theory that has been tested many times and generally accepted as true.
Ans. Technology refers to methods and techniques developed using scientific knowledge, including machine technology or software programs in information technology.
Ans. Engineering is the process of applying various technologies and scientific principles to design instruments, tools, and build things that meet specific needs in all walks of life.
Ans. Though distinct fields, science, technology, and engineering often work together. Scientific discoveries lead to new technologies, and engineers rely on scientific knowledge for human benefits and comforts. They are powerful forces for change in human outlook, lifestyle, and thinking.
