An information system is simply an organized set of components that are coordinated to perform a designated function. Systems can be broadly categorized into two types, namely Artificial Systems and Natural Systems.
Natural systems are those that exist in nature and operate independently of human involvement. They are governed by natural laws and processes. Artificial systems are created and developed by people so that they may fulfill certain functions or address certain issues.
A computer is composed of many essential components that operate in conjunction. These components include: Interface components (input devices such as the keyboard and mouse), Processing Components (CPU), Memory (RAM & ROM), Operating System (OS), and Software and its types.
A computer system is a structured set of hardware and software components specifically designed for data processing and the performance of various operations. Hardware refers to the tangible components of the system. Software refers to a collection of instructions that dictate the requirements and actions that hardware must do. Electricity is the power source that enables the hardware components to function.
The key components of Von Neumann architecture are: Memory, Central Processing Unit (CPU), Input device, and Output device.
The Von Neumann architecture is a computer paradigm that delineates a system. This model is called the John Von Neumann model. Key characteristics include: Single Memory Store (both program instructions and data are stored in the same memory space), Sequential Execution (instructions are processed one after another in a sequence), and Stored Program Concept (programs are stored in memory and can be changed by the computer).
The four main steps are: Fetching, Decoding, Executing, and Storing.
The Von Neumann bottleneck occurs when a single memory area limits the CPU’s ability to retrieve instructions and data quickly. It is a barrier in the speed of data transfer between a computer’s CPU (Central Processing Unit) and memory (RAM).
The key advantages are: Simplified Design (by combining instructions and data into a single memory area, architecture is simplified) and Flexibility (programs can be easily changed by changing memory contents).
The three main requirements are: Hardware, Software, and Electricity.
